[…] Equiano’s constant references to destiny, providence, and faith fit into the Igbo concept of Chi (a spiritual entity or personal god, o...

Interior of Chi shrine at Nkarahia, an Isiokpo Ikwere settlement. Photo: P. Amaury Talbot, early 1910s. An interview of an Urata man abou...

Igbo shrine house photographed by Gustaf Bolinder, 1930-31. Ogu is divine retributive justice in the Igbo world view. In many communities ...

Photo: Igbo double bell/gong. British Museum. 1930s. The relationship between chi and Chineke is by far more complex and enigmatic. [......